The diocese was established on 23 June 1991. It covers the Mpwapwa and Kongwa Districts. Centrally located on the Tanzanian mainland. Its dominant physical features include plains formed at around 3,000ft to 4,000ft above sea level, mountain ranges with peaks upwards of 6,000ft in places such as Wotta in the South and Kiboriani immediately behind Mpwapwa Town in the centre. The East West trunk road passes through the dioceses about 50km North of Mpwapwa Town and the Central Railway line passes through about 20km to the South. The distance of the town from these two major routes has contributed to its slow growth despite its rich hinterland.

The region in which the diocese of Mpwpwa is to be found is rich in history and has been much favoured in past times. The Northern parts of the diocese form the bread pan of Tanzania, whilst other areas particularly in the South West are dry and arid. The Diocese is about the size of Wales in the United Kingdom or Lake Ontario in the States, but is much harder to traverse on account of the poor roads and mountain passes.

The diocese has 60 Churches supported by 452 Evangelists who minister to 106,700 Christians.
The Mission Statement of the Diocese can be stated briefly as follows:
   a) To spread the Kingdom of God in the Diocese through Evangelism and Christian Education.
   b) To build up and equip the Body of Christ for service.
   c) To promote holistic development of the population through education and other socio-economic services.
   d) To promote partnership and co-operative action in mission with other churches and organisations dealing with the Spiritual and Physical development of the human being, both within the diocese and beyond.